{"id":4897,"date":"2019-04-15T11:56:20","date_gmt":"2019-04-15T15:56:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dyzedesign.com\/?p=4897"},"modified":"2019-04-15T13:20:26","modified_gmt":"2019-04-15T17:20:26","slug":"differences-12v-24v-3d-printer","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dyzedesign.com\/fr\/2019\/04\/differences-12v-24v-3d-printer\/","title":{"rendered":"What are the differences between a 12V and 24V 3D printer?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\"><p>[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]If you are building your own machine, you&rsquo;ll surely have to make a decision between a 12V\u00a0 or 24V 3D printer. One has many advantages over the other, and we&rsquo;ll try to explain why in this small guide.<\/p>\n<p>Of course, other voltages exist such as 36V and 48V. We&rsquo;ll also cover where these could be used.[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h2>Smaller wires<\/h2>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]For delivering the same amount of power, a higher voltage means a lower current. This gives you the opportunity to use smaller wires for the same job. Check the table for more details regarding the current requirements.[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Power<\/th>\n<th>Voltage<\/th>\n<th>Current<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>48W<\/td>\n<td>12V<\/td>\n<td>4A<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>48W<\/td>\n<td>24V<\/td>\n<td>2A<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]You can see that the voltage is inversely proportional to the current, meaning that a higher voltage means a lower current. But what does that means in term of wire size? Let&rsquo;s check first how a conductor size influences the current that can pass through it.[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h3>Calculating the wire size<\/h3>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]There are very simple rules guiding on the wire size:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A higher section area (bigger wire) will have less resistance per unit of length<\/li>\n<li>The lesser the resistance, the lesser the losses<\/li>\n<li>The lesser losses, the lesser the temperature increase<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Based on your wire material, a higher temperature can be tolerated. However, for a general consumer electronic device such as a 3D printer, you don&rsquo;t want to keep your wires too hot. Considering heat and convection cooling from the wires can get complicated quickly.<\/p>\n<p>As a general rule of thumb, a value ranging from 1% up to 3% can be used as the losses in a wire.<\/p>\n<p>Taking our previous example, our 48W heater could use a cable with a loss ranging from 0.48W up to 1.44W.<\/p>\n<p>Considering a loss of 0.48W (1%) over 1 meter of wire, the sizes shown in the table below should be used.[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Voltage<\/th>\n<th>Wire size<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>12V<\/td>\n<td>1.5mm\u00b2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>24V<\/td>\n<td>0.5mm\u00b2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_single_image image=&nbsp;&raquo;17097&Prime; img_size=&nbsp;&raquo;600&#215;400&Prime; add_caption=&nbsp;&raquo;yes&nbsp;&raquo; alignment=&nbsp;&raquo;center&nbsp;&raquo;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h3>Bottom Line<\/h3>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]In term of wire size, 24V has definitely\u00a0an advantage over 12V, as the wires can be much smaller.<\/p>\n<p>As there is generally no difference between a power supply of 300 watts running at 12V or 24V, you will save on your cables. If you are building your 3D printer, you&rsquo;ll realize that you&rsquo;ll need a lot of cables for your connections. This might not seem like it, but this is a great plus.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column width=&nbsp;&raquo;1\/2&Prime;]<div class=\"list_item lists_2 clearfix\"><div class=\"list_left list_icon\"><i class=\"icon-thumbs-up\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div><div class=\"list_right\"><h4 class=\"title \">Reduce wiring costs<\/h4><div class=\"desc\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n[\/vc_column][vc_column width=&nbsp;&raquo;1\/2&Prime;]<div class=\"list_item lists_2 clearfix\"><div class=\"list_left list_icon\"><i class=\"icon-thumbs-up\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div><div class=\"list_right\"><h4 class=\"title \">Makes cable management easier<\/h4><div class=\"desc\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n[\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h2>Higher Motor Speed<\/h2>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]Steppers are a bit confusing because of their rating. Most of them are usually rated at a very low voltage, often below 3V. Despite these ratings, they can be run at about any voltage. The secret lies in the stepper motor drivers.[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h3>Current Chopper<\/h3>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]The stepper drivers use the high inductive load from a stepper motor to drive it at any voltage. The slow voltage rise enables the driver to cut the supply voltage at a certain point is reached. The voltage then starts to decay.<\/p>\n<p>Successively controlling the voltage enables to\u00a0set the current at a precise value, no matters the input voltage.[\/vc_column_text][vc_single_image image=&nbsp;&raquo;12211&Prime; img_size=&nbsp;&raquo;large&nbsp;&raquo; alignment=&nbsp;&raquo;center&nbsp;&raquo; onclick=&nbsp;&raquo;link_image&nbsp;&raquo;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]Having a higher voltage increases the speed at which the current is reached in each coil. This can be very useful at higher RPM, enabling a motor to reach faster speed.[\/vc_column_text][vc_single_image image=&nbsp;&raquo;12213&Prime; img_size=&nbsp;&raquo;large&nbsp;&raquo; alignment=&nbsp;&raquo;center&nbsp;&raquo; onclick=&nbsp;&raquo;link_image&nbsp;&raquo;][vc_message message_box_color=&nbsp;&raquo;success&nbsp;&raquo;]Note that a higher voltage will not only increase the maximum RPM, but also improve the overall torque.[\/vc_message][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h3>Bottom Line<\/h3>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_single_image image=&nbsp;&raquo;17095&Prime; img_size=&nbsp;&raquo;600&#215;400&Prime; alignment=&nbsp;&raquo;center&nbsp;&raquo;][vc_column_text]In term of motor speed, 24V has again an advantage over 12V.<\/p>\n<p>Some specialized external stepper drivers, such as the DM422 and DM556, will benefit from having a higher voltage than 24V. This is where a power supply of 36V or 48V can be useful. These are usually used for bigger motors than NEMA17, such as NEMA23.<\/p>\n<p>However, most 3D printer controllers won&rsquo;t be compatible with such high voltage when the stepper drivers are integrated. Most RAMPS and Arduino are rated only for 12V. There are some well-designed boards that can accept a higher voltage. For example, the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.panucatt.com\/azteeg_X5_GT_reprap_3d_printer_controller_p\/ax5gt.htm\">Panucatt Azteeg X5 GT<\/a> is rated at 30V for main input and 35V for stepper input.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column width=&nbsp;&raquo;1\/2&Prime;]<div class=\"list_item lists_2 clearfix\"><div class=\"list_left list_icon\"><i class=\"icon-thumbs-up\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div><div class=\"list_right\"><h4 class=\"title \">Higher RPM<\/h4><div class=\"desc\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n[\/vc_column][vc_column width=&nbsp;&raquo;1\/2&Prime;]<div class=\"list_item lists_2 clearfix\"><div class=\"list_left list_icon\"><i class=\"icon-thumbs-up\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div><div class=\"list_right\"><h4 class=\"title \">Greater Torque<\/h4><div class=\"desc\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n[\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_empty_space][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h2>Higher Heating Power<\/h2>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column width=&nbsp;&raquo;1\/2&Prime;][vc_column_text]Most heater cartridges are generally 6mm in diameter and around 20mm in length. There is a limit in power density to these cartridges. In other words, this small size can&rsquo;t be as powerful as you&rsquo;d like.<\/p>\n<p>In 12V, it&rsquo;s hard to get anything over 45W. Reliability will be a big problem and MTBF will be reduced greatly.<\/p>\n<p>In 24V, it&rsquo;s possible to go a little higher in terms of power density. For the same size, 60W can be easily done.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&nbsp;&raquo;1\/2&Prime;][vc_single_image image=&nbsp;&raquo;17093&Prime; img_size=&nbsp;&raquo;600&#215;200&Prime; onclick=&nbsp;&raquo;link_image&nbsp;&raquo;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h3>Fast Heating<\/h3>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]Having a higher heater power has advantages and disadvantages.<\/p>\n<p>Your hotend will heat up more quickly. In general applications, this isn&rsquo;t a big advantage. However, if you have multiple extruders on the same carriage, you might want to reduce the temperature when the head is not being used. Having a faster heater can greatly reduce heating time.<\/p>\n<p>Having a powerful heater can help you reach a higher temperature. The convection losses increase with the hotend temperature. At a certain point, there is not enough power to raise the block temperature and compensate for the losses in free air. Most 12V heaters will have a hard time reaching 400\u00b0C and then will drop as soon as the head moves or filament is pushed through.<\/p>\n<p>The drawback with faster heating is that it is harder to fine tune. Some modifications to the firmware might be required in order to reduce overshoot and stabilize the temperature.[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h3>Bottom Line<\/h3>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]In term of heating, 24V has more advantages.<\/p>\n<p>You&rsquo;ll be able to have more heating power, heat faster, and reach higher temperatures. Make sure to configure your firmware properly and you&rsquo;ll be good to go.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column width=&nbsp;&raquo;1\/2&Prime;]<div class=\"list_item lists_2 clearfix\"><div class=\"list_left list_icon\"><i class=\"icon-thumbs-up\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div><div class=\"list_right\"><h4 class=\"title \">Higher Heating Power<\/h4><div class=\"desc\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n[\/vc_column][vc_column width=&nbsp;&raquo;1\/2&Prime;]<div class=\"list_item lists_2 clearfix\"><div class=\"list_left list_icon\"><i class=\"icon-thumbs-up\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div><div class=\"list_right\"><h4 class=\"title \">Higher Temperature<\/h4><div class=\"desc\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n[\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h2>Parts Availability<\/h2>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column width=&nbsp;&raquo;1\/2&Prime;][vc_column_text]The main disadvantage of having a 24V system is the part availability in this voltage. It is much easier to find components that run in 12V when you need them in small quantity.<\/p>\n<p>Fans are probably the easiest to get in 24V.<\/p>\n<p>Pumps, however, are quite often used in computer liquid cooling systems. These runs at 12V. 24V pumps are rare.<\/p>\n<p>Lights kits are also more common in 12V.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&nbsp;&raquo;1\/2&Prime;][vc_single_image image=&nbsp;&raquo;17089&Prime; img_size=&nbsp;&raquo;600&#215;300&Prime; onclick=&nbsp;&raquo;link_image&nbsp;&raquo;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h3>DC-DC Step Down<\/h3>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column width=&nbsp;&raquo;1\/2&Prime;][vc_column_text]Adding a second power supply or adding a step-down is very common in 3D printers. For example, the Arduino has a built-in DC-DC converter to output 5V.<\/p>\n<p>Some machines have 5V, 12V and 24V power supplies to separate motors, general electronics, and logic voltages. It&rsquo;s up to you to determine the best solution if you want\/need to use many different voltages.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&nbsp;&raquo;1\/2&Prime;][vc_single_image image=&nbsp;&raquo;17091&Prime; img_size=&nbsp;&raquo;600&#215;200&Prime;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h3>Bottom Line<\/h3>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]This time, 12V has more advantages.<\/p>\n<p>It&rsquo;s much easier to get the parts for 12V. Nothing is wrong with having two different power supplies running in your system, or having a DC-DC converter. It&rsquo;s up to you to decide what&rsquo;s best for your system.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column width=&nbsp;&raquo;1\/2&Prime;]<div class=\"list_item lists_2 clearfix\"><div class=\"list_left list_icon\"><i class=\"icon-thumbs-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div><div class=\"list_right\"><h4 class=\"title \">Hard to supply parts<\/h4><div class=\"desc\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n[\/vc_column][vc_column width=&nbsp;&raquo;1\/2&Prime;]<div class=\"list_item lists_2 clearfix\"><div class=\"list_left list_icon\"><i class=\"icon-thumbs-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/div><div class=\"list_right\"><h4 class=\"title \">Need a second power supply<\/h4><div class=\"desc\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n[\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h2>Conclusion<\/h2>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]As you have seen, there are many advantages to having a 24V 3D printer. You&rsquo;ll get better heating and motor performance, and also reduce your wiring costs.<\/p>\n<p>However, depending on your component choices and suppliers, getting some parts in 24V might be tricky.<\/p>\n<p>You can quickly solve this by simply adding a DC-DC converter or a second power supply to power 12V.[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h3>Thanks!<\/h3>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]Thanks for reading. I hope you have learned new stuff. Do not hesitate if you have any question or if you have seen something wrong in this blog.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>If you are building your own printer, you&rsquo;ll surely have to make a decision between a 12V\u00a0 or 24V system. One has many advantages over the other, and we&rsquo;ll try to explain why in this small guide. Of course, other voltages exist such as 36V and 48V. We&rsquo;ll also cover where these could be used.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":17099,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[180],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4897","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-learning-tips"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Differences between a 12V and 24V 3D printer - DYZE DESIGN<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"If you are building your own machine, you&#039;ll have to make a decision between a 12V\u00a0or 24V 3D printer. One has many advantages over the other, see why.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dyzedesign.com\/2019\/04\/differences-12v-24v-3d-printer\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Differences between a 12V and 24V 3D printer - DYZE DESIGN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"If you are building your own machine, you&#039;ll have to make a decision between a 12V\u00a0or 24V 3D printer. One has many advantages over the other, see why.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/dyzedesign.com\/2019\/04\/differences-12v-24v-3d-printer\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"DYZE DESIGN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/dyzedesign\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-04-15T15:56:20+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2019-04-15T17:20:26+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/dyzedesign.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/12V-vs-24V-power-Supplies.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1677\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"704\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Philippe Carrier\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Philippe Carrier\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"9 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dyzedesign.com\/2019\/04\/differences-12v-24v-3d-printer\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dyzedesign.com\/2019\/04\/differences-12v-24v-3d-printer\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Philippe Carrier\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dyzedesign.com\/#\/schema\/person\/2844dbd3897efdb01666eff116c5e88d\"},\"headline\":\"What are the differences between a 12V and 24V 3D printer?\",\"datePublished\":\"2019-04-15T15:56:20+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2019-04-15T17:20:26+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dyzedesign.com\/2019\/04\/differences-12v-24v-3d-printer\/\"},\"wordCount\":1792,\"commentCount\":7,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dyzedesign.com\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dyzedesign.com\/2019\/04\/differences-12v-24v-3d-printer\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"\/cdn-cgi\/image\/quality=80,format=auto,onerror=redirect,metadata=none\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/12V-vs-24V-power-Supplies.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Learning &amp; Tips\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/dyzedesign.com\/2019\/04\/differences-12v-24v-3d-printer\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dyzedesign.com\/2019\/04\/differences-12v-24v-3d-printer\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/dyzedesign.com\/2019\/04\/differences-12v-24v-3d-printer\/\",\"name\":\"Differences between a 12V and 24V 3D printer - DYZE DESIGN\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dyzedesign.com\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dyzedesign.com\/2019\/04\/differences-12v-24v-3d-printer\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dyzedesign.com\/2019\/04\/differences-12v-24v-3d-printer\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"\/cdn-cgi\/image\/quality=80,format=auto,onerror=redirect,metadata=none\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/12V-vs-24V-power-Supplies.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2019-04-15T15:56:20+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2019-04-15T17:20:26+00:00\",\"description\":\"If you are building your own machine, you'll have to make a decision between a 12V\u00a0or 24V 3D printer. 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