{"id":2945,"date":"2016-09-01T10:24:06","date_gmt":"2016-09-01T14:24:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dyzedesign.com\/?p=2945"},"modified":"2020-10-23T15:53:42","modified_gmt":"2020-10-23T19:53:42","slug":"comparison-between-temperature-sensors-used-in-3d-printers-part-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dyzedesign.com\/fr\/2016\/09\/comparison-between-temperature-sensors-used-in-3d-printers-part-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Comparison between temperature sensors used in 3D printers &#8211; Part 2"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>This post is a follow up from <a href=\"https:\/\/dyzedesign.com\/2016\/06\/comparison-temperature-sensors-used-3d-printers-part-1\/\"><strong>Part 1<\/strong><\/a> regarding the general types of sensor.<\/p><p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/dyzedesign.com\/2016\/11\/printing-300-mm-s-part-2-calculations\/\">Part 2<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0will go in details about the performance between sensors while keeping in mind the 3D printer application.<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/dyzedesign.com\/2017\/03\/printing-at-300-mm-s-part-3-firmware-tests\/\"><strong>Part 3<\/strong>\u00a0<\/a>will provide explanations regarding our choice to go with a thermistor. Finally, some common mistakes are explained regarding temperature sensors.<\/p><p>Do not hesitate if you have any comments or suggestions that could improve this blog.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Thermal sensor performance<\/h2><p>Below is a graphical comparison for certain key aspects of temperature sensing in 3D printers. Please note that these values are\u00a0based on the most common microcontroller configuration used in 3D printing, which are 8 bits microcontroller with 10 bits ADC. Having a\u00a0higher ADC resolution will improve sensor resolution. Most 32 bits microcontroller\u00a0benefit from a 12 bits ADC.<\/p><p>Better resolution can be obtained with specialized measurement devices, such as MAX31855, AD595, MAX6675 for thermocouple and MAX31865 for RTD. These specialized chips will be analyzed if the following sections.<\/p><div class=\"column one-third mobile-one\"><div class=\"mcb-column-inner\"><\/p>\n<h3>Thermistor<\/h3>\n<div class=\"progress_bars\"><ul class=\"bars_list\"><ul class=\"pb-desc\"><li><h6>Maximum temperature<span class=\"label\">50<em>%<\/em><\/span><\/h6><div class=\"bar\" style=\"height:15px\"><span class=\"progress\" style=\"width:50%;\"><\/span><\/div><\/li>\nUsually up to 300\u00b0C Special thermistor can read up to 1000\u00b0C <li><h6>Cost<span class=\"label\">100<em>%<\/em><\/span><\/h6><div class=\"bar\" style=\"height:15px\"><span class=\"progress\" style=\"width:100%;\"><\/span><\/div><\/li>\n&lt;10.00$, no\u00a0circuit required <li><h6>Resolution<span class=\"label\">100<em>%<\/em><\/span><\/h6><div class=\"bar\" style=\"height:15px\"><span class=\"progress\" style=\"width:100%;\"><\/span><\/div><\/li>\nUp to 0.16\u00b0C <li><h6>Response time<span class=\"label\">100<em>%<\/em><\/span><\/h6><div class=\"bar\" style=\"height:15px\"><span class=\"progress\" style=\"width:100%;\"><\/span><\/div><\/li>\n2\u00a0to 3\u00a0seconds in air <li><h6>Linearity<span class=\"label\">33<em>%<\/em><\/span><\/h6><div class=\"bar\" style=\"height:15px\"><span class=\"progress\" style=\"width:33%;\"><\/span><\/div><\/li>\nNot linear <li><h6>Accuracy at 200\u00b0C<span class=\"label\">66<em>%<\/em><\/span><\/h6><div class=\"bar\" style=\"height:15px\"><span class=\"progress\" style=\"width:66%;\"><\/span><\/div><\/li>\n \u00a01\u00b0C without calibration <\/ul><\/ul><\/div>\n <\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"column one-third mobile-one\"><div class=\"mcb-column-inner\"><\/p>\n<h3>RTD<\/h3>\n<div class=\"progress_bars\"><ul class=\"bars_list\"><ul class=\"pb-desc\"><li><h6>Maximum temperature<span class=\"label\">75<em>%<\/em><\/span><\/h6><div class=\"bar\" style=\"height:15px\"><span class=\"progress\" style=\"width:75%;\"><\/span><\/div><\/li>\nUp to 850\u00b0C \u00a0 <li><h6>Cost<span class=\"label\">66<em>%<\/em><\/span><\/h6><div class=\"bar\" style=\"height:15px\"><span class=\"progress\" style=\"width:66%;\"><\/span><\/div><\/li>\n10.00$-20.00, \u00a0circuit required <li><h6>Resolution<span class=\"label\">33<em>%<\/em><\/span><\/h6><div class=\"bar\" style=\"height:15px\"><span class=\"progress\" style=\"width:33%;\"><\/span><\/div><\/li>\n1.2\u00b0C <li><h6>Response time<span class=\"label\">33<em>%<\/em><\/span><\/h6><div class=\"bar\" style=\"height:15px\"><span class=\"progress\" style=\"width:33%;\"><\/span><\/div><\/li>\n15 seconds in air <li><h6>Linearity<span class=\"label\">100<em>%<\/em><\/span><\/h6><div class=\"bar\" style=\"height:15px\"><span class=\"progress\" style=\"width:100%;\"><\/span><\/div><\/li>\n0.8% error for a 1st order formula <li><h6>Accuracy at 200\u00b0C<span class=\"label\">100<em>%<\/em><\/span><\/h6><div class=\"bar\" style=\"height:15px\"><span class=\"progress\" style=\"width:100%;\"><\/span><\/div><\/li>\n \u00a0~0.6\u00b0C without calibration <\/ul><\/ul><\/div>\n <\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"column one-third mobile-one\"><div class=\"mcb-column-inner\"><\/p>\n<h3>Thermocouple<\/h3>\n<div class=\"progress_bars\"><ul class=\"bars_list\"><ul class=\"pb-desc\"> <li><h6>Maximum temperature<span class=\"label\">100<em>%<\/em><\/span><\/h6><div class=\"bar\" style=\"height:15px\"><span class=\"progress\" style=\"width:100%;\"><\/span><\/div><\/li>\nOver\u00a0to 1500\u00b0C \u00a0 <li><h6>Cost<span class=\"label\">33<em>%<\/em><\/span><\/h6><div class=\"bar\" style=\"height:15px\"><span class=\"progress\" style=\"width:33%;\"><\/span><\/div><\/li>\n15.00$-30.00, \u00a0circuit required <li><h6>Resolution<span class=\"label\">66<em>%<\/em><\/span><\/h6><div class=\"bar\" style=\"height:15px\"><span class=\"progress\" style=\"width:66%;\"><\/span><\/div><\/li>\n0.5\u00b0C <li><h6>Response time<span class=\"label\">66<em>%<\/em><\/span><\/h6><div class=\"bar\" style=\"height:15px\"><span class=\"progress\" style=\"width:66%;\"><\/span><\/div><\/li>\n5 seconds in air <li><h6>Linearity<span class=\"label\">66<em>%<\/em><\/span><\/h6><div class=\"bar\" style=\"height:15px\"><span class=\"progress\" style=\"width:66%;\"><\/span><\/div><\/li>\n2.5% error for a 1st order formula <li><h6>Accuracy at 200\u00b0C<span class=\"label\">33<em>%<\/em><\/span><\/h6><div class=\"bar\" style=\"height:15px\"><span class=\"progress\" style=\"width:33%;\"><\/span><\/div><\/li>\n \u00a02.2\u00b0C without calibration <\/ul><\/ul><\/div>\n <\/div><\/div>\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Maximum temperature<\/h4><p>The maximum temperature determine what\u00a0is the highest\u00a0temperature your sensor can be used. At higher temperature, the sensor\u00a0may\u00a0degrades or may be unable to output any readable signal.<\/p><p>A higher temperature allow\u00a0the user to print more kinds of plastics. Below\u00a0is a short list of engineering plastics with their printing temperature and tensile\u00a0strength for reference. ABS might require a low temperature to melt, but the mechanical properties are much lower than other high temperature thermoplastics.<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\r\n<table>\r\n<thead>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th>Plastic<\/th>\r\n<th>Printing Temperature (\u00b0C)<\/th>\r\n<th>Tensile Strength, Yield (MPa)<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>ABS<\/td>\r\n<td>200\u00a0&#8211; 220<\/td>\r\n<td>29<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>PPSF<\/td>\r\n<td>330 &#8211; 350<\/td>\r\n<td>55<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>PEI (ULTEM 1010)<\/td>\r\n<td>330 &#8211; 350<\/td>\r\n<td>64<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>PEI (ULTEM 9085)<\/td>\r\n<td>330 &#8211; 350<\/td>\r\n<td>47<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>PPS\u00a0(Ryton)<\/td>\r\n<td>316 &#8211; 343<\/td>\r\n<td>85 &#8211; 190<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>PEEK<\/td>\r\n<td>350\u00a0&#8211;\u00a0400<\/td>\r\n<td>59<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Dupont VESPEL<\/td>\r\n<td>410 -420<\/td>\r\n<td>100 &#8211; 220<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>PAI\u00a0(TORLON)<\/td>\r\n<td>370 &#8211; 427<\/td>\r\n<td>110 &#8211; 225<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/figure><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cost<\/h4><p>The cost\u00a0is affected by both the sensor price and the need of add-on circuits. Despite the fact that we see more and more great motherboards design, the most common ones don&rsquo;t have an amplifier circuit for a PT100 or a thermocouple. Using a thermistor in 3D printing enable most users to directly fit this sensor to their motherboard, without any physical changes required.<\/p><p>The thermistor is probably the easiest sensor to connect\u00a0with a microcontroller. Only a resistance is required to be able to read with great accuracy. This passive component can be found below 0.05USD each when bought in\u00a0bulk. The thermistor can be usually found below 5.00USD.<\/p><p>The RTD sensors usually require an amplification circuit built\u00a0from\u00a0specialized components. The simplest design uses an OP-AMP. However, this design have some limitation and cannot offer a resolution as high as a specialized IC. The\u00a0MAX31865 is designed with a built-in 15 bits ADC and offer a resolution as high as 0.03\u00b0C. However, the cost for this chip alone is very high and breakout boards can be found around about 30.00USD. The probe is also expensive, as is the cost of platinum. Basic probes starts at 20.00USD and can climb up very quickly depending on precision class.<\/p><p>The thermocouple require a specialized IC to work. The AD595 is very common in the RepRap community because it outputs a voltage and is simple to interface. The cost is about 18.00 USD. The resolution is however limited (by the microcontroller) compared to other options such as the MAX31855 which gives a resolution of 0.25\u00b0C for about 15.00USD.<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"350\" height=\"350\" class=\"wp-image-2493\" src=\"https:\/\/dyzedesign.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/Ramps-Thermistors-Input.jpg\" alt=\"RAMPS 1.4 with 3 thermistors inputs\" srcset=\"\/cdn-cgi\/image\/width=350,height=350,fit=crop,quality=80,format=auto,onerror=redirect,metadata=none\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/Ramps-Thermistors-Input.jpg 350w, \/cdn-cgi\/image\/width=300,height=300,fit=crop,quality=80,format=auto,onerror=redirect,metadata=none\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/Ramps-Thermistors-Input.jpg 300w, \/cdn-cgi\/image\/width=150,height=150,fit=crop,quality=80,format=auto,onerror=redirect,metadata=none\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/Ramps-Thermistors-Input.jpg 150w, \/cdn-cgi\/image\/width=146,height=146,fit=crop,quality=80,format=auto,onerror=redirect,metadata=none\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/Ramps-Thermistors-Input.jpg 146w, \/cdn-cgi\/image\/width=50,height=50,fit=crop,quality=80,format=auto,onerror=redirect,metadata=none\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/Ramps-Thermistors-Input.jpg 50w, \/cdn-cgi\/image\/width=75,height=75,fit=crop,quality=80,format=auto,onerror=redirect,metadata=none\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/Ramps-Thermistors-Input.jpg 75w, \/cdn-cgi\/image\/width=85,height=85,fit=crop,quality=80,format=auto,onerror=redirect,metadata=none\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/Ramps-Thermistors-Input.jpg 85w, \/cdn-cgi\/image\/width=80,height=80,fit=crop,quality=80,format=auto,onerror=redirect,metadata=none\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/Ramps-Thermistors-Input.jpg 80w\" sizes=\"(max-width:767px) 350px, 350px\" \/>\r\n<figcaption>RAMPS 1.4 with 3 thermistors inputs<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/figure><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Resolution<\/h4><p>The resolution represents the smallest changes the device can see.\u00a0It depends on the motherboard circuit. Almost every sensors end up in the microcontroller ADC (Analog to Digital Converter). Some IC for thermocouples have their own ADC separated from the microcontroller, thus allowing a better resolution.<\/p><p>An ADC has a resolution in bits. A 10 bits resolution means 2^10 (1024) values can be\u00a0distinguished. When a voltage gets into the input of an ADC,\u00a0it gets converted in a value between \u00a00 and it&rsquo;s maximum resolution minus 1, 1023 in this case. For example, if a 10 bit ADC has a reference voltage of 5V and receive an input voltage of 5V, it will convert it to a value of 1023 to the microcontroller. If the input voltage is 2V, it will output a value of 410 ( 2V * 1024 \/ 5V ).<\/p><p>The graph shows that both thermistor have a different resolution based on the temperature. In fact, both the 100K thermistor and our high temperature thermistor peak at very high resolutions compared to other types of sensors. Please remember that we are still in the context of 3D printers and these values represent what is inside most firmware and boards. The RTD sensor has the lowest overall sensitivity at 0.5 resolution per degree (2\u00b0C resolution). Once amplified, the resolution goes a tiny better at 0.8 resolution per degree (1.2\u00b0C resolution). The thermocouple has a sensitivity of 2 resolution per degree (0.5\u00b0C resolution).<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"733\" height=\"457\" class=\"wp-image-2495\" src=\"https:\/\/dyzedesign.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/Temperature-resolution-comparison-for-sensors-used-in-3D-printers-1.png\" alt=\"Temperature Resolution comparison for sensors used in 3d Printers\" srcset=\"\/cdn-cgi\/image\/width=733,height=457,fit=crop,quality=80,format=auto,onerror=redirect,metadata=none\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/Temperature-resolution-comparison-for-sensors-used-in-3D-printers-1.png 733w, \/cdn-cgi\/image\/width=600,height=374,fit=crop,quality=80,format=auto,onerror=redirect,metadata=none\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/Temperature-resolution-comparison-for-sensors-used-in-3D-printers-1.png 600w, \/cdn-cgi\/image\/width=150,height=94,fit=crop,quality=80,format=auto,onerror=redirect,metadata=none\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/Temperature-resolution-comparison-for-sensors-used-in-3D-printers-1.png 150w, \/cdn-cgi\/image\/width=300,height=187,fit=crop,quality=80,format=auto,onerror=redirect,metadata=none\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/Temperature-resolution-comparison-for-sensors-used-in-3D-printers-1.png 300w, \/cdn-cgi\/image\/width=234,height=146,fit=crop,quality=80,format=auto,onerror=redirect,metadata=none\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/Temperature-resolution-comparison-for-sensors-used-in-3D-printers-1.png 234w, \/cdn-cgi\/image\/width=50,height=31,fit=crop,quality=80,format=auto,onerror=redirect,metadata=none\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/Temperature-resolution-comparison-for-sensors-used-in-3D-printers-1.png 50w, \/cdn-cgi\/image\/width=120,height=75,fit=crop,quality=80,format=auto,onerror=redirect,metadata=none\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/Temperature-resolution-comparison-for-sensors-used-in-3D-printers-1.png 120w\" sizes=\"(max-width:767px) 480px, 733px\" \/><\/figure><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Response time<\/h4><p>Response time correspond to the time it takes to reach 63.2% of the actual value. For examples, if you take a PT100 sensor with a response time of 15 seconds at 0\u00b0C and plunge it it boiling water, it will read 62.5\u00b0C after 15 seconds. After 1 minute, the sensor will read 98\u00b0C.<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"604\" height=\"431\" class=\"wp-image-2497\" src=\"https:\/\/dyzedesign.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/Time-response-for-a-variation-in-temperature.png\" alt=\"Time response for a variation in temperature\" srcset=\"\/cdn-cgi\/image\/width=604,height=431,fit=crop,quality=80,format=auto,onerror=redirect,metadata=none\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/Time-response-for-a-variation-in-temperature.png 604w, \/cdn-cgi\/image\/width=600,height=428,fit=crop,quality=80,format=auto,onerror=redirect,metadata=none\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/Time-response-for-a-variation-in-temperature.png 600w, \/cdn-cgi\/image\/width=150,height=107,fit=crop,quality=80,format=auto,onerror=redirect,metadata=none\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/Time-response-for-a-variation-in-temperature.png 150w, \/cdn-cgi\/image\/width=300,height=214,fit=crop,quality=80,format=auto,onerror=redirect,metadata=none\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/Time-response-for-a-variation-in-temperature.png 300w, \/cdn-cgi\/image\/width=205,height=146,fit=crop,quality=80,format=auto,onerror=redirect,metadata=none\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/Time-response-for-a-variation-in-temperature.png 205w, \/cdn-cgi\/image\/width=50,height=36,fit=crop,quality=80,format=auto,onerror=redirect,metadata=none\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/Time-response-for-a-variation-in-temperature.png 50w, \/cdn-cgi\/image\/width=105,height=75,fit=crop,quality=80,format=auto,onerror=redirect,metadata=none\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/Time-response-for-a-variation-in-temperature.png 105w\" sizes=\"(max-width:767px) 480px, 604px\" \/><\/figure><p>Response time correspond to the time constant of a sensor (\u03c4). Suppliers usually specifies if the value correspond to a\u00a0change in water or in air. Water is always faster than air since it\u00a0transfers heat quicker. It is very important to compare two sensors on the same basis.<\/p><p>In many applications, a response from 10 seconds to 60 seconds is very acceptable. However, on a 3D printer, it is totally different. Since the hotend must be moved very quickly, it is constantly cooled by the environment and the entering plastic. Having a longer thermal response could make a hotend unusable in certain high-speed conditions. The difference between the heat block temperature and the sensor readings cannot be seen unless a faster\u00a0sensor is coupled. A 5 seconds response time in air should be a minimum for 3D printing. The actual response time when the sensor will be in contact with metal will be shorter.\u00a0<\/p><p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ms-moriyama.co.jp\/en\/products\/m_dispersion\/tec1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">This interesting documentation<\/a> shows an example of a response time from various RTD sensors plunged into hot oil. As much as the sensor housing gets bigger, the response time increase. Their\u00a06.5mm housing react very quickly to the temperature change, while other probes require more time to show the accurate temperature.<\/p><p>Please note that the PID can reduce overshoot and stabilize temperature, but it cannot change how fast a sensor react. The PID is actually based on the temperature readings to adjust the output power of a system. It means that if you have a slow response sensor with the perfect PID tuning, your hotend actually overshoot even if you don&rsquo;t actually see it. The hotend will get hotter than your target temperature because\u00a0your sensor is struggling behind, slowly\u00a0reading hotter temperature. After a while, the PID shut off because the sensor is getting closer to the target temperature. The hotend temperature will slowly decrease while catching up with the sensor.<\/p><p>As mentioned before, temperature stability is the key to a good print since temperature drive the viscosity of the plastic. The viscosity of the plastic drive the actual output flow of the print, as a hotter plastic\u00a0will be easier to flow. If your print is getting slow perimeter and very fast infill, there may be variation in the first extrusion length flow when the sensor does not react quickly enough. After extruding quickly, the heater gives more power to compensate the high heat flow generated by the plastic flow. After slowing down with the perimeters, the heater might takes some time to lower the power output because the sensor does not detect yet that the temperature is increasing. A slow response time sensor can affect your prints directly.<\/p><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Linearity<\/h4><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"523\" height=\"323\" class=\"wp-image-2507\" src=\"https:\/\/dyzedesign.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/Resistance-comparison-for-100K-NTC-and-PT1000.png\" alt=\"Resistance comparison for 100K NTC and PT1000\" srcset=\"\/cdn-cgi\/image\/width=523,height=323,fit=crop,quality=80,format=auto,onerror=redirect,metadata=none\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/Resistance-comparison-for-100K-NTC-and-PT1000.png 523w, \/cdn-cgi\/image\/width=150,height=93,fit=crop,quality=80,format=auto,onerror=redirect,metadata=none\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/Resistance-comparison-for-100K-NTC-and-PT1000.png 150w, \/cdn-cgi\/image\/width=300,height=185,fit=crop,quality=80,format=auto,onerror=redirect,metadata=none\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/Resistance-comparison-for-100K-NTC-and-PT1000.png 300w, \/cdn-cgi\/image\/width=236,height=146,fit=crop,quality=80,format=auto,onerror=redirect,metadata=none\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/Resistance-comparison-for-100K-NTC-and-PT1000.png 236w, \/cdn-cgi\/image\/width=50,height=31,fit=crop,quality=80,format=auto,onerror=redirect,metadata=none\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/Resistance-comparison-for-100K-NTC-and-PT1000.png 50w, \/cdn-cgi\/image\/width=121,height=75,fit=crop,quality=80,format=auto,onerror=redirect,metadata=none\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/Resistance-comparison-for-100K-NTC-and-PT1000.png 121w\" sizes=\"(max-width:767px) 480px, 523px\" \/><\/figure><p>The difference between a linear sensor (RTD and thermocouple) and a non-linear sensor is mainly a programming concern. With a linear sensor, a simple first order formula ( Y = a*X+b ) can solve the temperature for a particular reading. However, using mathematics with a non-linear temperature sensor can get complicated.<\/p><p>The simplest solution is to make a table (Temperature vs Resistance) and let the\u00a0firmware interpolate the temperature. This is actually also used for RTD sensor in many RepRap firmware.<\/p><p>Having a 10\u00b0C gap between values is a good compromise between memory usage and precision. 20\u00b0C gap is acceptable below 180\u00b0C since most plastics are printed at a higher temperature, precision\u00a0isn&rsquo;t critical.<\/p><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Accuracy<\/h4><p>The accuracy tells you how exact is your sensor reading. Taking a thermistor, a RTD and a thermocouple side by side while reading the same temperature will probably give three different results.<\/p><p>The RTD is the most accurate\u00a0sensor of all three. Also, these sensors usually have very high tolerance thus making them interchangeable without too much trouble. Few thermistors are rated to match their accuracy.\u00a0An accurate sensor will give the\u00a0very similar results from one sensor to another. An inaccurate sensor will give a slight different results between sensor, so you might require to fine-tune the\u00a0filament temperature to get the same results as the previous sensor.<\/p><p>This advantage applies mostly when a sensor breaks and must be changed. The main reason for sensor failure are broken leads due to improper sensor cable management. Make sure that your cables are well fixed\u00a0when your printer is\u00a0moving.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sources<\/h2><p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.controleng.com\/search\/search-single-display\/temperature-tutorial-thermocouple-vs-rtd-vs-thermistor\/aae906fe91.html\">Control Engineering : Temperature tutorial<\/a><\/p><p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.omega.com\/Temperature\/pdf\/t3probes.pdf\">PT100 Probes Specification and Performance<\/a><\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.maximintegrated.com\/en\/app-notes\/index.mvp\/id\/4875\">PT100 Linearity<\/a><\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.maximintegrated.com\/en\/app-notes\/index.mvp\/id\/5032\">Type K Thermocouple Linearity<\/a><\/p><p><a href=\"http:\/\/2015.igem.org\/wiki\/images\/2\/24\/CamJIC-Specs-Strength.pdf\">3D Printed plastics properties<\/a><\/p><p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.stratasys.com\/materials\/fdm\">Stratasys FDM Thermoplastics<\/a><\/p><p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ms-moriyama.co.jp\/en\/products\/m_dispersion\/tec1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Response time comparison for RTDs<\/a><\/p><p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ni.com\/white-paper\/4218\/en\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Overview of temperature sensors<\/a><\/p><p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.solvay.com\/en\/markets-and-products\/featured-products\/torlon.html\">TORLON\u00ae Specs<\/a><\/p><p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.dupont.com\/content\/dam\/dupont\/products-and-services\/plastics-polymers-and-resins\/parts-and-shapes\/vespel\/documents\/jcf3030.pdf\">DUPONT AURUM\u00ae Specs<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This post is a follow up from Part 1 regarding the general types of sensor. Part 2\u00a0will go in details about the performance between sensors while keeping in mind the 3D printer application. Part 3\u00a0will provide explanations regarding our choice<span class=\"excerpt-hellip\"> [\u2026]<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":3924,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[95],"tags":[108],"class_list":["post-2945","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-guides","tag-temperature-sensors"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Comparison between temperature sensors used in 3D printers - Part 2 - DYZE DESIGN<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Below is a graphical comparison for certain key aspects of temperature sensing in 3D printers. 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